Several methods of grouting is civil engineering

grouting in the civil engineering is to pump material into the soil or rock to change its physical properties. This is one of the ways of water can be controlled in the civil work on the ground. Grouting is suitable for the permeability of soil would have a huge demand for pumping or ground conditions mean that drilling may be economically inefficient. Can also be used in the process of formation of the pile foundation grouting, anchor, reaming, palm, in road construction, dam construction, and so on. , depending on the type of soil or rock for grouting, etc. , can use different material for grouting. However, the basic process is the same: the soil or rock and fluid flow injection slurry, its setting and reduce or action as sealant material permeability. Grouting costs are relatively high, so we must control waste. This is achieved through the use of additives, these additives to improve the gel properties of grouting and limit its diffusion through the ground. Injection method 1, usually, grouting is through the drive pipe or boring into the ground, and then pumping slurry through insert tube of high pressure solution. 2, by studying the ground conditions and calculating drilling model to determine the required degree of grouting in a particular area. This considering the hole size, spacing and depth. The ground of the type of grouting and the particular conditions will affect hole spacing. 3, site conditions can affect the tool used for boring process, but pneumatic tools, diamond drill or washing drill is one of the most common. Alluvial soil easy to collapse, so it is often a cave. 4, grout pressure depends on soil conditions, and can be in situ tests before determine the correct pressure. Pressure is usually 1 N/was ( Sand) To 7 N/was ( Rock) 。 Grouting material has several different types of materials used in grouting cement grouting, cement (1 Or the slurry) Used for grouting material with high permeability. Pure cement and water or sand ( 4) With cement ( 1) A mixture of is usually a combination of objects. 2, hole radius around borehole area and mud thin before injected by mining, its viscosity, and then by reducing the water Cement ratio. If needed, the auxiliary hole between the main hole drill, to ensure complete filling of area. Bentonite filling bentonite from clay, its has thixotropic property, which means that it is highly resistant to water gel formation, when mixed with additives, can create a permanent barrier to water flow. This is used on soil particles are too small cement grouting, the most common water seepage of alluvial soil beneath the base of the dam or other structure combined with the water. For more information, please refer to the bentonite. Chemical grouting, chemical grouting used to coarse levels of soil. Such as sodium silicate and calcium chloride mixture together and curing materials in the form of liquid gel. There are two main processes: 2, & # 39; Double-click the & # 39; Process: the pipe into the ground. Injection of a chemical, then injected into another chemical, the reaction is rapid and soil reinforcement. 3, 'one-off' process: this involves injecting chemical mixture, hardening by combination delay. This allows a wider borehole spacing. 4, chemical grouting possesses the advantages of allowing economic spacing, drilling of larger through the slurry, grouting more flexibility in time. Resin grouting 1, compared with the chemical grouting, grout has very low viscosity, it can penetrate the fine sand. Type of resin depends on the chemical composition of the local underground water level, may lead to different solidification time. Common types include: 2, cement grouting. 3, epoxy resin grouting. 4,Resorcinolformaldehyde。 Asphalt asphalt emulsion can be used as a suitable grouting grouting material can be injected into the fine sand as impermeable barrier, with water. Will not raise the strength of the soil, but below the water, such as cut-off wall dam can be effectively combined with the structure formation.